Homepage.dev Technical Architecture
Standalone platform architecture designed for real-time collaboration, maximum modularity, and global scale
🎯 Architecture Overview
Homepage.dev employs a three-tier standalone architecture optimized for real-time collaboration, module extensibility, and enterprise scalability. Every component is purpose-built for the homepage platform use case.
📖 Related Documentation:
- Product Requirements - Business context and platform vision
- Standalone Strategy - Why independence matters
- Implementation Plan - Technical implementation details
interface ArchitectureStack {
frontend: "Next.js 15 + TypeScript + Real-time UI"
backend: "3-Project Convex Architecture"
authentication: "Standalone Clerk Instance"
realtime: "WebSocket + Optimistic Updates"
modules: "Sandboxed Execution + Module Registry"
deployment: "Vercel + Multi-region CDN"
}🔐 Authentication Architecture (Standalone Clerk)
Clerk Instance Configuration
// Dedicated Clerk instance for homepage.dev
interface HomepageClerkConfig {
instance: {
development: "homepage-dev"
production: "homepage-production"
domain: "homepage.dev"
}
// Custom organization structure
organizations: {
maxMembers: {
team: 50 // Small teams
enterprise: -1 // Unlimited
}
permissions: {
team: ["homepage:read", "homepage:write", "homepage:collaborate"]
enterprise: ["homepage:admin", "homepage:audit", "homepage:sso"]
}
billing: {
team: "$9.99/user/month"
enterprise: "custom pricing"
}
}
// Homepage-specific user roles
roles: {
viewer: ["read", "comment"]
editor: ["read", "write", "collaborate"]
admin: ["read", "write", "admin", "billing"]
developer: ["read", "write", "publish-modules"]
}
}User Identity and Profile System
// Enhanced user profile beyond basic Clerk data
interface HomepageUserProfile {
// Clerk basics
clerkId: string
email: string
name: string
avatar?: string
// Homepage-specific profile
preferences: {
defaultLayout: "grid" | "flex" | "masonry"
theme: "light" | "dark" | "auto"
notifications: boolean
collaborationMode: "active" | "passive" | "focus"
language: string
timezone: string
}
// Subscription and billing
subscription: {
tier: "free" | "pro" | "team" | "enterprise"
billingId?: string
usage: {
homepages: number
modules: number
storage: number // in MB
collaborators: number
}
}
// Platform engagement
stats: {
totalHomepages: number
modulesInstalled: number
lastActiveAt: number
createdAt: number
onboardingCompleted: boolean
}
}🗄️ Three-Project Convex Architecture
Project 1: Homepage Auth (User Management)
// Convex project: homepage-auth
export const authSchema = defineSchema({
// Synced from Clerk via webhooks
users: defineTable({
clerkId: v.string(),
email: v.string(),
name: v.string(),
avatar: v.optional(v.string()),
// Homepage-specific profile
profile: v.object({
preferences: v.object({
defaultLayout: v.string(),
theme: v.string(),
notifications: v.boolean(),
collaborationMode: v.string(),
}),
subscription: v.object({
tier: v.string(),
billingId: v.optional(v.string()),
}),
}),
// Usage tracking
usage: v.object({
homepages: v.number(),
modules: v.number(),
storage: v.number(),
collaborators: v.number(),
}),
createdAt: v.number(),
lastActiveAt: v.number(),
})
.index("by_clerk_id", ["clerkId"])
.index("by_email", ["email"]),
// Organization management
organizations: defineTable({
clerkOrgId: v.string(),
name: v.string(),
slug: v.string(),
// Enterprise settings
settings: v.object({
allowedModules: v.array(v.string()),
enforceTemplates: v.boolean(),
collaborationRules: v.object({
allowPublicSharing: v.boolean(),
requireApprovalForModules: v.boolean(),
maxHomepagesPerUser: v.number(),
}),
}),
// Enterprise features
enterprise: v.object({
ssoEnabled: v.boolean(),
auditLogsRetention: v.number(),
customBranding: v.optional(v.object({
logo: v.string(),
primaryColor: v.string(),
secondaryColor: v.string(),
})),
}),
createdAt: v.number(),
memberCount: v.number(),
})
.index("by_clerk_org_id", ["clerkOrgId"])
.index("by_slug", ["slug"]),
// Role and permission management
userRoles: defineTable({
userId: v.id("users"),
organizationId: v.optional(v.id("organizations")),
role: v.string(),
permissions: v.array(v.string()),
grantedBy: v.id("users"),
grantedAt: v.number(),
})
.index("by_user", ["userId"])
.index("by_org", ["organizationId"]),
})Project 2: Homepage Core (Real-time Engine)
// Convex project: homepage-core
export const coreSchema = defineSchema({
// Real-time homepage configurations
homepageConfigs: defineTable({
userId: v.id("users"), // Reference to auth project
organizationId: v.optional(v.id("organizations")),
name: v.string(),
description: v.optional(v.string()),
isDefault: v.boolean(),
isActive: v.boolean(),
// Real-time collaboration state
collaboration: v.object({
// Currently active editors
activeEditors: v.array(v.object({
userId: v.id("users"),
userName: v.string(),
userAvatar: v.optional(v.string()),
cursorPosition: v.optional(v.object({ x: v.number(), y: v.number() })),
lastActiveAt: v.number(),
editingModule: v.optional(v.string()),
})),
// Lock state for conflict resolution
locked: v.boolean(),
lockedBy: v.optional(v.id("users")),
lockedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
}),
// Layout configuration
layout: v.object({
type: v.union(v.literal("grid"), v.literal("flex"), v.literal("masonry")),
columns: v.number(),
gap: v.number(),
padding: v.object({
top: v.number(),
right: v.number(),
bottom: v.number(),
left: v.number(),
}),
responsive: v.object({
mobile: v.object({ columns: v.number() }),
tablet: v.object({ columns: v.number() }),
desktop: v.object({ columns: v.number() }),
}),
}),
// Theme and styling
theme: v.object({
mode: v.union(v.literal("light"), v.literal("dark"), v.literal("auto")),
primaryColor: v.string(),
accentColor: v.string(),
customCSS: v.optional(v.string()),
backgroundImage: v.optional(v.string()),
}),
// Module instances
modules: v.array(v.object({
instanceId: v.string(),
moduleId: v.string(), // Reference to marketplace
// Position and sizing
position: v.object({
x: v.number(),
y: v.number(),
w: v.number(),
h: v.number(),
}),
// Module configuration
config: v.any(), // Module-specific settings
// Real-time state
state: v.any(), // Current module state
lastUpdated: v.number(),
updatedBy: v.optional(v.id("users")),
// Permissions
visibility: v.union(
v.literal("private"),
v.literal("team"),
v.literal("public")
),
editPermissions: v.array(v.id("users")),
})),
// Sharing and permissions
sharing: v.object({
isPublic: v.boolean(),
publicSlug: v.optional(v.string()),
allowComments: v.boolean(),
allowCloning: v.boolean(),
sharedWith: v.array(v.object({
type: v.union(v.literal("user"), v.literal("team"), v.literal("organization")),
id: v.string(),
permissions: v.array(v.string()),
sharedAt: v.number(),
sharedBy: v.id("users"),
})),
}),
// Version control
version: v.number(),
lastSyncedAt: v.number(),
syncStatus: v.union(
v.literal("synced"),
v.literal("syncing"),
v.literal("conflict"),
v.literal("error")
),
// Metadata
createdAt: v.number(),
updatedAt: v.number(),
lastAccessedAt: v.number(),
})
.index("by_user", ["userId"])
.index("by_user_active", ["userId", "isActive"])
.index("by_organization", ["organizationId"])
.index("by_public_slug", ["sharing.publicSlug"])
.searchIndex("search_homepages", {
searchField: "name",
filterFields: ["userId", "organizationId", "sharing.isPublic"],
}),
// Real-time module state management
moduleStates: defineTable({
configId: v.id("homepageConfigs"),
instanceId: v.string(),
moduleId: v.string(),
// Real-time data streams
liveData: v.object({
// Stock ticker data
stocks: v.optional(v.array(v.object({
symbol: v.string(),
price: v.number(),
change: v.number(),
changePercent: v.number(),
timestamp: v.number(),
}))),
// Chat messages
messages: v.optional(v.array(v.object({
id: v.string(),
userId: v.id("users"),
userName: v.string(),
text: v.string(),
timestamp: v.number(),
reactions: v.optional(v.array(v.object({
emoji: v.string(),
userId: v.id("users"),
timestamp: v.number(),
}))),
}))),
// Weather data
weather: v.optional(v.object({
location: v.string(),
temperature: v.number(),
condition: v.string(),
humidity: v.number(),
windSpeed: v.number(),
timestamp: v.number(),
})),
// Custom module data
customData: v.optional(v.any()),
}),
// Performance tracking
performance: v.object({
loadTime: v.number(),
renderTime: v.number(),
memoryUsage: v.number(),
apiCalls: v.number(),
lastMeasured: v.number(),
}),
// Update tracking
lastUpdated: v.number(),
updateFrequency: v.number(), // ms between updates
errorCount: v.number(),
lastError: v.optional(v.string()),
})
.index("by_config_instance", ["configId", "instanceId"])
.index("by_module", ["moduleId"]),
// Real-time activity feed
activityFeed: defineTable({
configId: v.id("homepageConfigs"),
userId: v.id("users"),
userName: v.string(),
action: v.string(), // "module_added", "layout_changed", etc.
target: v.object({
type: v.string(),
id: v.string(),
name: v.optional(v.string()),
}),
details: v.optional(v.object({
before: v.optional(v.any()),
after: v.optional(v.any()),
metadata: v.optional(v.any()),
})),
timestamp: v.number(),
})
.index("by_config_time", ["configId", "timestamp"])
.index("by_user", ["userId"])
.index("by_action", ["action"]),
// Inter-module communication
moduleMessages: defineTable({
fromConfigId: v.id("homepageConfigs"),
fromInstanceId: v.string(),
toInstanceId: v.string(),
messageType: v.string(),
payload: v.any(),
// Delivery tracking
sent: v.boolean(),
acknowledged: v.boolean(),
failed: v.boolean(),
timestamp: v.number(),
expiresAt: v.optional(v.number()),
})
.index("by_recipient", ["toInstanceId", "timestamp"])
.index("by_sender", ["fromInstanceId", "timestamp"])
.index("by_delivery_status", ["sent", "acknowledged"]),
// Shared state between modules
sharedModuleState: defineTable({
configId: v.id("homepageConfigs"),
key: v.string(),
value: v.any(),
// Ownership and access
ownerInstanceId: v.string(),
subscribers: v.array(v.string()), // Instance IDs
// Version control
version: v.number(),
lastUpdated: v.number(),
updatedBy: v.id("users"),
// Expiration
ttl: v.optional(v.number()), // Time to live in seconds
expiresAt: v.optional(v.number()),
})
.index("by_config_key", ["configId", "key"])
.index("by_owner", ["ownerInstanceId"]),
})Project 3: Homepage Marketplace (Module Ecosystem)
// Convex project: homepage-marketplace
export const marketplaceSchema = defineSchema({
// Module registry
modules: defineTable({
// Identity
id: v.string(),
slug: v.string(),
publisherId: v.string(), // User or organization ID
// Metadata
name: v.string(),
description: v.string(),
longDescription: v.optional(v.string()),
category: v.string(),
tags: v.array(v.string()),
// Visual assets
icon: v.string(),
screenshots: v.array(v.string()),
bannerImage: v.optional(v.string()),
// Version information
version: v.string(),
changelog: v.string(),
previousVersions: v.array(v.object({
version: v.string(),
releaseDate: v.number(),
deprecated: v.boolean(),
})),
// Source and distribution
source: v.object({
type: v.union(
v.literal("built-in"), // First-party modules
v.literal("verified"), // Verified third-party
v.literal("community") // Community modules
),
bundleUrl: v.string(),
integrity: v.string(), // SHA-256 hash
repositoryUrl: v.optional(v.string()),
licenseUrl: v.optional(v.string()),
}),
// Module configuration
configSchema: v.any(), // JSON Schema for module config
defaultConfig: v.any(),
// Requirements and permissions
permissions: v.array(v.string()),
dependencies: v.array(v.string()),
minHomepageVersion: v.string(),
maxHomepageVersion: v.optional(v.string()),
// Display and behavior
displayOptions: v.object({
defaultSize: v.object({ width: v.number(), height: v.number() }),
minSize: v.object({ width: v.number(), height: v.number() }),
maxSize: v.object({ width: v.number(), height: v.number() }),
resizable: v.boolean(),
refreshInterval: v.optional(v.number()),
singleton: v.boolean(), // Only one instance allowed
}),
// Marketplace and pricing
pricing: v.object({
model: v.union(v.literal("free"), v.literal("paid"), v.literal("freemium")),
price: v.optional(v.number()), // in cents
currency: v.optional(v.string()),
trialDays: v.optional(v.number()),
subscriptionType: v.optional(v.union(v.literal("monthly"), v.literal("yearly"))),
}),
// Analytics and engagement
stats: v.object({
totalInstalls: v.number(),
activeInstalls: v.number(),
weeklyInstalls: v.number(),
rating: v.number(), // 0-5 stars
reviewCount: v.number(),
lastWeekViews: v.number(),
conversionRate: v.number(), // installs / views
}),
// Moderation and quality
status: v.union(
v.literal("draft"),
v.literal("review"),
v.literal("approved"),
v.literal("rejected"),
v.literal("suspended"),
v.literal("deprecated")
),
moderation: v.object({
reviewedBy: v.optional(v.string()),
reviewedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
reviewNotes: v.optional(v.string()),
securityScanPassed: v.boolean(),
performanceTestPassed: v.boolean(),
}),
// Timestamps
createdAt: v.number(),
updatedAt: v.number(),
publishedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
lastInstallAt: v.optional(v.number()),
})
.index("by_slug", ["slug"])
.index("by_publisher", ["publisherId"])
.index("by_category", ["category"])
.index("by_status", ["status"])
.index("by_rating", ["stats.rating"])
.searchIndex("search_modules", {
searchField: "name",
filterFields: ["category", "status", "tags", "pricing.model"],
}),
// Module installations tracking
installations: defineTable({
userId: v.string(),
moduleId: v.string(),
configId: v.optional(v.string()), // Which homepage it's installed on
instanceId: v.string(),
// Installation details
version: v.string(),
installedAt: v.number(),
lastUsed: v.number(),
timesUsed: v.number(),
// Configuration
config: v.any(),
customizations: v.optional(v.any()),
// Status
status: v.union(
v.literal("active"),
v.literal("disabled"),
v.literal("uninstalled")
),
// Analytics
usage: v.object({
sessionsCount: v.number(),
totalTimeUsed: v.number(), // in seconds
actionsPerformed: v.number(),
errorsEncountered: v.number(),
}),
})
.index("by_user", ["userId"])
.index("by_module", ["moduleId"])
.index("by_config", ["configId"])
.index("by_user_module", ["userId", "moduleId"]),
// Module reviews and ratings
reviews: defineTable({
moduleId: v.string(),
userId: v.string(),
userName: v.string(),
userAvatar: v.optional(v.string()),
// Review content
rating: v.number(), // 1-5 stars
title: v.string(),
content: v.string(),
version: v.string(), // Module version reviewed
// Moderation
status: v.union(
v.literal("published"),
v.literal("pending"),
v.literal("rejected"),
v.literal("hidden")
),
// Engagement
helpfulVotes: v.number(),
reportCount: v.number(),
// Developer response
developerResponse: v.optional(v.object({
content: v.string(),
respondedAt: v.number(),
respondedBy: v.string(),
})),
createdAt: v.number(),
updatedAt: v.number(),
})
.index("by_module", ["moduleId"])
.index("by_user", ["userId"])
.index("by_rating", ["rating"])
.index("by_status", ["status"]),
// Developer analytics and revenue
developerAnalytics: defineTable({
publisherId: v.string(),
moduleId: v.string(),
// Time-based metrics
period: v.string(), // "daily", "weekly", "monthly"
date: v.string(), // ISO date string
// Usage metrics
metrics: v.object({
views: v.number(),
installs: v.number(),
uninstalls: v.number(),
activeUsers: v.number(),
revenue: v.number(), // in cents
errors: v.number(),
supportRequests: v.number(),
}),
// Performance data
performance: v.object({
avgLoadTime: v.number(),
avgMemoryUsage: v.number(),
crashRate: v.number(),
apiLatency: v.number(),
}),
timestamp: v.number(),
})
.index("by_publisher", ["publisherId"])
.index("by_module_date", ["moduleId", "date"])
.index("by_period", ["period", "timestamp"]),
})🔄 Real-time Synchronization Architecture
WebSocket Connection Management
interface RealtimeConnectionManager {
// Connection lifecycle
connection: {
establish: () => Promise<WebSocket>
heartbeat: () => void // 30-second intervals
reconnect: () => Promise<void> // Exponential backoff
cleanup: () => void
}
// State synchronization
sync: {
optimisticUpdate: (operation: Operation) => void
conflictResolution: (conflicts: Conflict[]) => Resolution
broadcastChange: (change: Change) => void
subscribeToChanges: (callback: ChangeHandler) => Unsubscribe
}
// Performance optimization
optimization: {
batchUpdates: (updates: Update[]) => void
throttleUpdates: (interval: number) => void
compressPayload: (data: any) => CompressedData
deltaSync: (state: State) => Delta
}
}Operational Transform for Conflict Resolution
interface OperationalTransform {
// Operation types
operations: {
insert: (position: Position, content: any) => Operation
delete: (position: Position, length: number) => Operation
modify: (position: Position, changes: Changes) => Operation
move: (from: Position, to: Position) => Operation
}
// Transform operations for concurrent editing
transform: (op1: Operation, op2: Operation) => [Operation, Operation]
// Apply operations to state
apply: (state: State, operation: Operation) => State
// Version vector for causality tracking
versionVector: {
increment: (siteId: string) => VectorClock
compare: (v1: VectorClock, v2: VectorClock) => Ordering
merge: (vectors: VectorClock[]) => VectorClock
}
}🧩 Module System Architecture
Module Sandboxing and Security
interface ModuleSandbox {
// Execution environment
environment: {
iframe: boolean // Isolate in iframe
csp: ContentSecurityPolicy
permissions: ModulePermissions
resourceLimits: ResourceLimits
}
// API access
api: {
homepage: HomepageAPI // Access to homepage context
storage: StorageAPI // Scoped data storage
network: NetworkAPI // Controlled external access
ui: UIComponentAPI // Render components
}
// Communication
messaging: {
sendMessage: (target: ModuleId, message: Message) => void
onMessage: (handler: MessageHandler) => Unsubscribe
broadcastEvent: (event: Event) => void
subscribeEvent: (eventType: string, handler: EventHandler) => void
}
}Module Loading and Lifecycle
📖 For complete module development guide, see MODULE_SDK.md
interface ModuleLifecycle {
// Loading phases
loading: {
fetch: () => Promise<ModuleBundle>
validate: (bundle: ModuleBundle) => ValidationResult
instantiate: (bundle: ModuleBundle) => ModuleInstance
mount: (instance: ModuleInstance, container: Element) => void
}
// Runtime management
runtime: {
onMount: (callback: LifecycleCallback) => void
onUnmount: (callback: LifecycleCallback) => void
onStateChange: (callback: StateChangeCallback) => void
onMessage: (callback: MessageCallback) => void
onError: (callback: ErrorCallback) => void
}
// Cleanup and disposal
cleanup: {
unmount: () => void
dispose: () => void
removeListeners: () => void
clearStorage: () => void
}
}📊 Performance and Scalability
Performance Targets
interface PerformanceTargets {
// Page loading
pageLoad: {
lcp: 1000, // Largest Contentful Paint < 1s
fid: 100, // First Input Delay < 100ms
cls: 0.1, // Cumulative Layout Shift < 0.1
ttfb: 200, // Time to First Byte < 200ms
}
// Real-time sync
realtime: {
syncLatency: 100, // Global sync < 100ms
conflictResolution: 50, // Resolve conflicts < 50ms
presenceUpdate: 16, // Cursor updates at 60fps
reconnection: 1000, // Reconnect < 1s
}
// Module performance
modules: {
loadTime: 500, // Module load < 500ms
memoryUsage: 50, // < 50MB per module
apiLatency: 200, // API calls < 200ms
renderTime: 16, // 60fps rendering
}
// System scalability
scale: {
concurrentUsers: 10000, // 10K concurrent users
modulesPerHomepage: 100, // 100 modules max
collaboratorsPerPage: 50, // 50 simultaneous editors
messagesPerSecond: 1000, // 1K messages/sec
}
}Caching Strategy
interface CachingStrategy {
// CDN caching
cdn: {
staticAssets: "1 year", // Images, fonts, etc.
moduleBundle: "1 month", // Module code bundles
apiResponse: "5 minutes", // Non-realtime API data
userAvatar: "1 day", // Profile images
}
// Browser caching
browser: {
moduleState: "session", // Module state cache
userPrefs: "localStorage", // User preferences
offlineData: "indexedDB", // Offline support
recentPages: "sessionStorage", // Recent homepages
}
// Server caching
server: {
convexQueries: "30 seconds", // Query result cache
userSessions: "24 hours", // Session data
moduleMetadata: "1 hour", // Module registry
analytics: "15 minutes", // Analytics data
}
}🚀 Deployment and Infrastructure
Multi-region Deployment
interface DeploymentStrategy {
// Primary regions
regions: {
primary: "us-east-1" // North America
europe: "eu-west-1" // Europe
asia: "ap-southeast-1" // Asia Pacific
}
// Service distribution
services: {
frontend: "Vercel Edge Network"
convex: "Multi-region with automatic failover"
cdn: "CloudFlare global network"
monitoring: "DataDog global monitoring"
}
// Failover strategy
failover: {
healthChecks: "Every 30 seconds"
automaticFailover: "< 60 seconds"
gracefulDegradation: "Read-only mode if needed"
rollback: "Automatic on errors"
}
}Security and Compliance
interface SecurityArchitecture {
// Data protection
dataProtection: {
encryption: {
atRest: "AES-256 with AWS KMS"
inTransit: "TLS 1.3 minimum"
database: "Convex built-in encryption"
}
privacy: {
gdpr: "Full compliance with data portability"
ccpa: "California privacy rights support"
dataRetention: "Automatic cleanup after 2 years"
}
}
// Application security
applicationSecurity: {
authentication: "Clerk with MFA support"
authorization: "Role-based access control"
apiSecurity: "Rate limiting and request validation"
moduleSecurity: "Sandboxed execution environment"
}
// Monitoring and auditing
monitoring: {
securityEvents: "Real-time SIEM monitoring"
auditLogging: "Comprehensive activity tracking"
vulnerabilityScanning: "Automated security scanning"
penetrationTesting: "Quarterly security audits"
}
}🔗 Integration Points
External Service Integrations
interface ExternalIntegrations {
// Authentication and user management
clerk: {
webhooks: "User and organization sync"
api: "Profile and session management"
organizations: "Team workspace mapping"
}
// Real-time data sources
dataSources: {
stocks: "Financial data APIs"
weather: "Weather service APIs"
news: "RSS and news APIs"
calendar: "Google Calendar, Outlook"
chat: "Slack, Discord, Teams"
}
// Platform services
platform: {
analytics: "PostHog for user analytics"
monitoring: "DataDog for system monitoring"
cdn: "CloudFlare for asset delivery"
storage: "AWS S3 for file storage"
}
}📈 Monitoring and Observability
Comprehensive Monitoring Stack
interface MonitoringStack {
// Application monitoring
apm: {
tool: "DataDog APM"
metrics: ["response_time", "error_rate", "throughput"]
traces: "Distributed tracing across Convex projects"
alerts: "Real-time incident alerting"
}
// User experience monitoring
rum: {
tool: "PostHog + Custom metrics"
metrics: ["page_load", "module_load", "interaction_delay"]
heatmaps: "User interaction heatmaps"
funnels: "Conversion funnel analysis"
}
// Real-time system monitoring
realtime: {
syncLatency: "P50, P95, P99 latency tracking"
connectionHealth: "WebSocket connection monitoring"
conflictResolution: "Operational transform performance"
presenceAccuracy: "Cursor and presence tracking"
}
// Business metrics
business: {
userEngagement: "DAU, MAU, session duration"
moduleUsage: "Installation and usage analytics"
platformHealth: "System reliability metrics"
revenueTracking: "Subscription and marketplace revenue"
}
}This architecture provides the foundation for building a world-class real-time collaborative homepage platform that can scale to millions of users while maintaining sub-100ms sync latency and supporting unlimited extensibility through the module marketplace.
📖 Next Steps:
- Implementation Checklist - Detailed development tasks
- Module SDK - Developer documentation
- Development Tenets - Core development principles
Last Updated: January 2025